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Water Supply Vol 2 No 1 pp 305–309 © IWA Publishing 2002 Protection layers for the extension of slow sand filter running times in wastewater reuseH.-J. Mälzer* and R. Gimbel***IWW Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Water Research, Gerhard-Mercator University Duisburg, Moritzstrafle 26, 45476 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
ABSTRACT The running time of slow sand filters in wastewater reuse is limited by the increase of pressure drop which is mainly caused by the surface filtration of suspended solids. Surface filtration mechanisms on the top of filter sand layer can be avoided e.g. by protection layers. Choosing suitable materials for protection layers a considerable extension of slow sand filter running times can be achieved. PAY-PER-VIEW: Buy this article for £23.5 (IWA MEMBER PRICE: £17.63) - All prices include VAT |
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